RN Solutions B.V. is a developer and manufacturer of highly efficient patented membrane distillation (MD) modules. The modules have been extensively tested on seawater, river water and on industrial applications. Using waste heat of the electrolyser or other heat sources, MD produces pure water with a conductivity of less than 5 S/cm in one single step. The membrane is highly hydrophobic (water repelling) and allows only water vapor to pass, retaining all salts at the feed side.
The process operates at a low pressure (1 bar), therefore the additional electrical power requirement is low. Furthermore, plastic piping can be applied (polyethylene, polypropylene or PVC). As the membranes are homogeneous, reverse flow can be applied in case of fouling of the feed channel. This can simply be automated, requiring no operator intervention. The process needs a limited pretreatment.
The most commonly applied desalination technology, reverse osmosis (RO), operates at 60 bar, therefore requires more electrical power and the use of chloride tolerant stainless steel materials. The membranes are layered composite materials, reverse flow will irreversibly damage the membranes. To reach a similar low conductivity, reverse osmosis needs a double pass for seawater desalination, and an intensive pretreatment. Antiscalants are required, and cleaning of the membranes requires operator intervention.